Copper (Cu)

What is copper and what is it used for in the body?

Copper is an essential mineral that is important for many bodily functions. It is involved in the production of collagen and elastin, the metabolism of iron, and the proper functioning of the immune system. Copper is also necessary for the production of energy in the body.

How is copper measured in the body?

Copper can be measured in the body through various laboratory tests, including blood tests, urine tests, and hair analysis. In these tests, copper levels are typically measured in micrograms per deciliter (μg/dL) or milligrams per liter (mg/L).

What is the normal range for copper levels in the body?

The normal range for copper levels in the body varies depending on the method used to measure it and the specific laboratory that performs the test. In general, normal copper levels in the blood are typically between 70 and 150 μg/dL. In urine, normal copper levels are typically between 0.5 and 1.5 mg/L. In hair, normal copper levels are typically between 0.5 and 1.5 mg/kg.

What can cause abnormal copper levels in the body?

Abnormal copper levels in the body can be caused by a variety of factors, including medical conditions such as Wilson's disease (excess copper accumulation) and Menkes disease (deficiency of copper), as well as certain medications and dietary factors.

How is copper related to the diagnosis and treatment of Wilson's disease? Wilson's disease is a rare genetic condition that is characterized by abnormal copper metabolism, leading to excess copper accumulation in the body. Copper levels can be measured as part of the diagnostic process for Wilson's disease, and treatment typically involves medications that help to remove excess copper from the body and prevent further accumulation.

How is copper related to the diagnosis and treatment of Menkes disease?

Menkes disease is a rare genetic condition that is characterized by deficiency of copper in the body. Copper levels can be measured as part of the diagnostic process for Menkes disease, and treatment typically involves the use of copper supplements.

Are there any potential side effects associated with copper testing?

There are generally no known side effects associated with copper testing. The test is noninvasive and requires only a small sample of blood, urine, or hair, which is usually collected through a simple blood draw, urine sample, or hair sample.